Funkcionālās agrobioloģiskās daudzveidības pasākumu novērtēšanas metodes ābeļu dārzos Latvijā

Overview about methods to evaluate functional agrobiodiversity in apple orchards in Latvia

Functional agrobiodiversity techniques to support beneficial organisms in apple orchards of Latvia

Overview about functional agrobiodiversity techniques that are used and can be used to support beneficial organisms in apple orchards of Latvia

Investigation of European shot-hole borer, Xyleborus dispar (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), in apple orchards of Latvia

European shot-hole borer is known to occur on a wide range of deciduous trees and frequently found on fruit trees in most of the Holarctic. During the last years increased activity of this beetle contributed necessity for investigation of it in apple orchards of Latvia. Because of the latent behavior it is difficult to control distribution of Xyleborus dispar. Often insecticides are not effective, especially if not used in an appropriate time and methods of integrated or biological plant protection are needed. In the current study, results of two year monitoring of X. dispar flying activity and effectiveness of two types of sticky traps, Rebell Rosso and Csalomon Palx, bitted with 50% alcohol are presented. Four traps of each type were placed in each orchard at the beginning of May in 2013 and at the middle of April in 2014. Differences among respective orchards were recorded: the highest number of beetles was found in the largest orchard surrounded by wide deciduous forests; the lowest number was recorded in the orchard surrounded by the agricultural lands. The first emerging X. dispar female was caught at the middle of April. During the vegetation season the highest flying activity of beetles was at the end of April - beginning of May (17th – 18th week). Afterwards number and flying activity of beetles decreased and at the middle of June (25th – 26th week) reached zero. In orchard with the highest number of European shot-hole borer, significantly higher number of beetles was recorded on Rebell Rosso traps; for the rest two orchards higher number of X. dispar was recorded on Csalomon Palx traps

Fauna and distribution of Mesostigmata mites in Latvia

Mesostigmata ercu fauna un sadalijums dzivotnes Latvija Anotacija Promocijas darba merkis bija iegut datus par Mesostigmata ercu faunu un sugu sadalijumu dažadas dzivotnes Latvija, un salidzinat dažadu dzivotnu sugu sabiedribas. Petijuma rezultata aprakstitas 2 zinatnei jaunas un konstatetas 126 Latvijas faunai jaunas sugas. Vislielakais Mesostigmata sugu skaits konstatets mežu un zalaju augsnes. Vislielaka lidziba pec ercu sugu sastava ir zalaju un kapu, mežu un kultiveto zemju, un koksnes un piepju dzivotnes. Izdalitas eiribionto un stenobionto sugu sabiedribas dzivotnes. Astonos no desmit dzivotnu tipiem konstatetas stenobiontas sugas potenciali izmantojamas attiecigas dzivotnes raksturošanai. Vislielakais stenobionto sugu skaits konstatets ar mugurkaulniekiem un kukainiem saistitajas ercu sabiedribas. Lielaks stenobionto sugu ipatsvars konstatets dabiskajas dzivotnes, bet mazaks - atropogeni ietekmetas dzivotnes. Atslegas vardi: Mesostigmata, dzivotnes, eiribionti, stenobionti.Fauna and distribution of Mesostigmata mites in Latvia Summary The aim of the Doctoral thesis was to investigate the Mesostigmata mite fauna of Latvia and preference of species for different habitats and comparision of species communities. Two species were discribed as new for science and 126 species recorded as new for the fauna of Latvia. The highest species richness was recorded for forest and meadow soils. The highest similarity of species communities was found for dune and meadow soils, forest and agricultural soils, and bracket fungi and wood habitats. Specialist species were fond for eight of ten habitats, and these species may be used as indicators. The highest number of specialist species was recorded for communities related to insects and vertebrates. A higher proportion of specialist species was recorded for natural habitats in contrast to anthropogenic habitats. Key words: Mesostigmata, habitats, euribionts, stenobionts